Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or “mini‐strokes,” occur when blood flow to part of the brain is briefly blocked—most often by plaque buildup, a clot, or an artery spasm. In older adults, atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries) is the leading cause, with high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, and certain medications (like some birth control pills or blood thinners) further increasing the risk.

TIAs typically strike without warning. Watch for sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the face, arm, or leg; abrupt confusion, slurred speech, or difficulty understanding; and rapid vision changes—such as blurred or double vision, or dark spots in the field of sight. You may also notice sudden dizziness, trouble walking, loss of balance or coordination, or an intense headache that comes on for no clear reason.

Because age and chronic conditions heighten TIA risk, it’s vital for seniors to manage underlying factors: keep blood pressure and cholesterol in check, maintain healthy blood sugar, stay active, eat a balanced diet, limit alcohol, and avoid smoking. Regular doctor visits and strict adherence to prescribed medications can help prevent these warning events.

If any TIA symptom appears—even if it passes quickly—seek medical help immediately. Early treatment with clot‐busting (thrombolytic) drugs, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, or other interventions can reduce the chance of a full stroke. Long‐term prevention also relies on lifestyle changes and ongoing medical management to protect your loved one’s brain health.