Millions of American households rely on SNAP to help cover rising grocery costs, and big changes are coming. Starting in November, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act will overhaul key parts of the program, reshaping who qualifies and how it’s run. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the new policies will cut federal SNAP spending by about $187 billion through 2034.

A major shift will be the expansion of work requirements for adults up to age 64, along with tighter eligibility rules. SNAP access will focus more on U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents, and some groups that previously had automatic exemptions will see those protections narrowed—though people with medical limitations can still qualify. At the same time, updates to the Thrifty Food Plan (which helps determine benefit levels) will be frozen until 2027, and any changes after that must be cost-neutral, meaning no net increase in overall spending.

The law also shifts more administrative duties and long-term costs from the federal government to individual states, which could lead to different experiences for SNAP recipients depending on where they live. Supporters say these reforms will encourage employment, reduce waste, and make the program more efficient. Critics warn that stricter rules and added red tape may make it harder for vulnerable families to keep consistent food on the table, especially those already living on the edge.

With more than 40 million Americans currently enrolled, state agencies and community organizations are racing to adjust. The months ahead will show whether the revamped system can balance cost savings with its most important mission: making sure people who need food assistance can still get it.