Common causes include dehydration, muscle fatigue, prolonged sitting or standing, and changes in electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium. Certain medications may also contribute to recurring cramps.
Frequent cramps can sometimes be associated with diabetes, poor circulation, thyroid or kidney problems, or nerve compression. Stretching before bed, drinking enough water, staying active, and eating a balanced diet may help reduce episodes.
When a cramp occurs, gently stretch and massage the muscle or apply warmth. See a healthcare professional if cramps happen very often or appear with swelling, redness, weakness, numbness, or severe persistent pain.
