For most people, wrinkling begins after several minutes in water and disappears once the hands dry. Researchers believe this reaction may help improve grip on wet or slippery objects, making it a useful natural response rather than a sign of illness.
However, unusually fast or excessive wrinkling can occasionally be associated with conditions such as aquagenic wrinkling of the palms, eczema, certain medications, cystic-fibrosis-related gene changes, or disorders affecting the autonomic nervous system. Frequent washing and harsh soaps can also make hands look more wrinkled by damaging the skin barrier.
Medical advice may be appropriate if wrinkling happens without water exposure or appears with severe pain, numbness, discoloration, swelling, ulcers, or significant peeling. In most cases, though, temporary wrinkled fingers after water exposure are harmless and simply reflect the body’s normal response.